Execution is mostly used as a deterrent, and many have called upon much more effective measures to be taken by countries to tackle drug trafficking for example, targeting specific criminal organisations that are often also active in the smuggling of other goods (i.e. In 2010, two people were sentenced to death in Malaysia for trafficking 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of cannabis into the country. In December 2005, Van Tuong Nguyen, a 25-year-old Australian drug smuggler, was hanged in Singapore after being convicted in March 2004.
Sentencing may include lengthy periods of incarceration, flogging and even the death penalty (in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and elsewhere).
If the drugs are sold to underage people, then the penalties for trafficking may be harsher than in other circumstances.ĭrug smuggling carries severe penalties in many countries. Penalties often depend on the type of drug (and its classification in the country into which it is being trafficked), the quantity trafficked, where the drugs are sold and how they are distributed. See also: Capital punishment for drug traffickingĭrug trafficking is widely regarded by lawmakers as a serious offense around the world. Use of another illicit drug, hashish, has also increased in Europe. As a result, international organized crime syndicates such as the Sinaloa Cartel and 'Ndrangheta have increased cooperation among each other in order to facilitate trans-Atlantic drug-trafficking. The beginning of the 21st century saw drug use increase in North America and Europe, with a particularly increased demand for marijuana and cocaine. Prohibition proved almost impossible to enforce and resulted in the rise of organized crime, including the modern American Mafia, which identified enormous business opportunities in the manufacturing, smuggling and sale of illicit liquor. states until the introduction of the Harrison Act in 1914, after 12 international powers signed the International Opium Convention in 1912.īetween 1920 and around 1933 the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution banned alcohol in the United States. In the United States, control of opium remained under the control of individual U.S. In 1868, as a result of the increased use of opium in Britain, the British government restricted the sale of opium by implementing the 1868 Pharmacy Act. The Treaty of Tianjin, which concluded that conflict, stipulated that the Chinese authorities would open further ports to foreign trade, including opium. The Second Opium War broke out in 1856, with the British joined this time by the French. Trading in opium was lucrative, and smoking it had become common for the Chinese in the 19th century, so British merchants increased trade with the Chinese. The British easily defeated the Chinese, and in the resulting treaty that ended the war, the Treaty of Nanking, the Qing government was forced to allow British merchants to sell Indian-grown opium. The Chinese government responded by enforcing a ban on the import of opium this led to the First Opium War (1839-1842) between the United Kingdom and Qing-dynasty China. As a result, by 1838 the number of Chinese opium-addicts had grown to between four and twelve million. Beginning in the 18th century, British merchants from the East India Company began to illegally sell opium to Chinese merchants, and by the early 19th century, an illegal drug trade in China emerged. The West prohibited addictive drugs throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The government of the Qing Dynasty issued edicts against opium smoking in 1730, 17.
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